Notes on France - Study Material for EFLU 2021 and JNUEE Preparation

 

              FRANCE

1.Official Name	French republic
2.Capital city	Paris
3.Official language	French
4.Currency	Euro
5.National anthem	La Marseillaise
6.Nationality.	93% French
	7% Foreign-born
7.Legislature	parliament
8.Upper house	Senate
9.President of Senate	Gerard Larcher
10.Lower house	National assembly
11.President of National assembly	Richard Ferrand
12.Continent	Europe
13.Language	French
14.Religion	51% of Christian
	6% of Islam
	40% No religion
15.Airlines	Air France
16.Highest point	The alps
17.Highest mountain	Mount blanc
18.National emblem	LILY
19.National flower	Iris
20.National bird	Gallic rooster
21.National sport	Tennis
22.Motto	Equality, Liberty,  Fraternity
23.Script	Latin
24.Language family	Indo-European
25.Political parties	Socialist party, National
	Front, Union for French democracy
26.News agencies	Agence France press
27.President	Emmanuel Macron
28.Prime minister	Jean castex
29.The first emperor of the french empire	Napolean  Bonaparte
30.The last king of the french empire	Louis XVI
31. Area	640,679 sq km
32.Population	6cr 70lakh

33.Total time zone	2  ( UTC + 01:00 & UTC +02:00 )
34. GDP	2 .0 trillion$
35.Total kingdom of  France	987
36. Total provinces	22
37. Driving side	Right
38.Country calling code	+33
39.Minority ethnic group	Catalon, Breton, Basques, Pied-noir
40.Type of government	Unitary semi-presidential Republic.

NOTE--France is a Secular country. 

~ Baptism of Clovis 1 - 25 Dec 496  ESTABLISHMENT:- 

Treaty of Verdun	Aug 1843
Republic establishment	Republic establishment
Current constitution	4th Oct 1958
Establishment of France	14 July 1789

HISTORY;-

France Capetian dynasty ruled France from 987AD to 1792 

Louis XIX Antoine ( house of Bourbon) became king for 20 minutes.

Napolean Bonaparte rule from 18 May 1804 to 6 May 1814

Napolean war                               |                    1803- 1015

Napolean was defeated in the battle of waterloo June 18, 1815, in Belgium by of duke of wellington. It is a total of 100 days of the war

France-Prussia war took the place on 19 July 1870 to 28 Jan 1871.

During roman empire, France is commonly known as GAULLE.

GEOGRAPHY AND THE CLIMATE:-

Located on the western edge of Europe.

It is border by the north sea in the north.

It is bordered by Spain, Mediterranean sea, Monaco and Andorra.

It is bordered by Germany, Switzerland, Italy in the east.

It is bordered by the Bay of Biscay in the west.

TVG is the high-speed rail network in France.

There are four types of climate in France:

1. Oceanic climate

2. Continental climate

3. Mediterranean climate

4. Mountainous climate 

•  Longest river in the Loire 
• Largest lake is the Lac du Bourget 

BORDERS:- 

Total bordering countries	11
Largest border	Belgium
Smallest border	Monaco
Overseas border	Brazil, Suriname motherland

The Maginot Line is the line of border Between France and Germany.

French Guiana is the only mainland territory of European countries to be part of the European Union.

FRENCH REPUBLIC:- 

   

FRENCH REPUBLIC	DATE
1.First French republic	1792-1804
2.Second French republic	1848-1852
3.Third French republic	1870-1940
4.Fourth French republic	1946-1958
5.Fifth French republic	1958-Present

CAPITAL CITIES CHANGES FROM START TO LAST:- 

1. Paris	(1789 - 1871)
2. Versailles	(1871 - 1879)
3. Paris	(1879 - 1940)
4. Vichy	(1940 - 1944)
5. Paris	(1944 - present)

FLAG OF FRANCE:- 

Three vertical band colours are Blue, White, Red.

The flag was designed by Jacques-Louis David

LANGUAGE OF FRANCE:-

The official language of France is French.

Co-official language of France is Alsatian, Catalan, Breton etc.

39% English, 13% Spanish, 8% German, 5% Italian, 3% portugal.

NOTE-- AZERTY Keyboard 

  

FAMOUS MOUNTAINS:-

1. The French Alps
	It's located east side of the country
	It's the highest peak is Mount Blanc.
	It's height is 4808m
2. The Pyrenees
	It's located in the southwest of France
	It's the highest peak is Aneto
	It's height is 3404m
3. Corsica
	It's located in the southwest of french mainland & west of Italian peninsula
	It's the highest peak is Monte Cintu
	It's height is 2710m
4. The Massif Central
	It's located in middle southern France
	It's the highest peak is Puy de Sancy
	It's height is 1886m
5. The Jura
	It's located in the north of western alps
	It's the highest peak is Cret de la Neige
	It's height is 1720m

MAJOR RIVERS:-

1. The Loire
	It's the largest river in France
	It's flow through a large part of France before emptying in the Atlantic ocean
	It's area is 86,021 ha
NOTE~ It is also known as 'Last wild river of France.
2. The Seine
	It's length is 776km
3. The Rhone
	It's length is 2208km
4. The Rhine
	It's length is 483km
5. The Garrone
	It's length is 575km.

IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY:- 

     DISCOVERY             YEAR             SCIENTIST

1.  Oxygen                    1778              Antoine Lavoisier

2.  Acetylene gas         1862              Berthelot    

3.  Hydrogen               1783              Antoine                                                                             Lavoiser

4.  Film                         1855              Louis prince

5.  Radium                   1898              Pierre & Marie       curie

WORLD ORGANISATION:-

~ INTERPOL                                -        Lyon

~ OECD                                           -        Paris

~ ESRO                                           -         Paris

~ UNESCO                                     -         Paris

~ EUROPEAN UNION                 -          Strasbourg

HISTORICAL PLACES:- 

1. Eiffel Tower.

                               ~ Location-    7th Arrondissement, Paris

                               ~ Construction- 28th January 1887 - 15th March 1889.

                               ~ Height- 324m

                               ~ Architect- Stephen Sauvestre. 

2. Louvre Museum.

                                ~ Location- Musee du Louvre, Paris.

                                ~ Construction- Late 12th-13th century under Philip II.

                                ~ Area- 72,735km                  

NOTE: Louvre Museum is the world largest art museum.

3. Mount Saint Michel.

                                ~ Location- Normandy, France.

                                ~ Best island that occupies rocks in 1km.

4. Place of Versailles. 

                               ~ Location- Versailles, France.

                               ~ Area- 1070ha.

5. Arc De Triomphe.

                               ~ Location- Alpes De Haute,                                            France.

                               ~ Height- 164ft. 

                               ~  Architect- Jean-Francois                                              Chalgrin.

6. Basilica of Sacred heart of Paris.

                             ~ Construction- 1875-1914

                             ~ Architect- Paul Abadie.

FOOD AND DRINK.

1.  Baquette- It is a type of french Bread.
2.  Soupe a l'Oignon Gratnee ( Onion Soup)
3.  La Galette des rois ( King's cake)s
4. Moussee au Chocolat ( Chocolate mouse)

~ Basque Cuisines has also a great influence over southwest of France.

HOLIDAY IN FRANCE. 

1. New year's day	1st January
2. Easter	21st April
3. Victory in Europe day	8th May
4. Bastille Day	14th July
5. Christmas day	25th December

. 

IMPORTANT PAINTERS AND ARTIST. 

1. Clause Monet
	Waterlilies series
	Impression
	Rouen Cathedral Series
2. Paul Cezzane
	Mont Victoire
	The Bathers
	The Card Players Series
3. Pierre Auguste Renoir
	Umbrellas
	Luncheon of the Boating
	Party

NOTE:(i) Nanine vallain is a french female Painter

(ii) jean- juc Godard is a French film-Maker

                                                       

NOBLE PRIZE
1. Marie Curie.	Receive prize in 1903,1911.
	1st and only two women to receive noble prize two different field Physics & Chemistry
2. Sully Prudhomme.	Receive prize in 1901
	First to receive the noble prize in literature
3. Jacques Anatole Thibault	Receive prize in 1921
	2nd person to receive the noble prize in literature
4. Easter Duflo.	Receive prize in 2019
	First woman to receive the noble prize in Economics
5.Patrick Modiano.	Receive prize in 2014.
	He receives the noble prize in Literature