Study Material for
EFLU 2021 and JNUEE Preparation
Notes of Germany (PART II )
ORIGIN OF THE NAME GERMANY:
The name 'German' comes from the Latin word Germania. It was first used by the Gauls and then later by the Romans and Julian Caesar. The Germans call their country Deutschland.
ALPHABET AND SCRIPT
- The German language belongs to the West Germanic languages of families.
- They use the Latin Script for writing.
- Fraktur (Calligraphic hand of Latin alphabet) were used for printed and written German from the 16th century until 1940.
~ German is an official language spoken in six countries :
- Germany
- Belgium
- Austria
- Switzerland
- Luxembourg
- Liechtenstein
GERMAN NOBLE PRIZE WINNER :
SL. NAME YEAR SUBJECT
NO
1 Wilhelm Conrad 1901 Physics
Rontgen
2 Emil Adolf von 1901 Medicine
Behring
3 Christian Matthias 1902 Literature
Theodor Mommsen
4 Hermann Emil 1905 Chemistry
Fisher
5 Adolf von Bayer 1905 Chemistry
6 Philip Lenard 1905 Physics
7 Robert Koch 1905 Medicine
8 Ludwig Karl Martin 1910 Medicine
Leonhard Albrecht
Kossel
9 Max Karl Emst 1918 Physics
Planck
10 Johannes Stark 1919 Physics
11 Walther Nernst 1920 Chemistry
12 Albert Einstein 1921 Physics
13 Gustav Ludwig 1925 Physics
Hertz
14 Werner Kari 1932 Physics
Heisenberg
15 Carl von Ossietzky 1935 Peace
16 Gunter Grass 1999 Literature
17 Robert Aumann 2005 Economics
18 Herta Muller 2009 Literature
SPORTS
1. TENNIS PLAYER
- Steffi Graf
- Boris Becker
2. MOTOR RACING PLAYER
- Michael Schumacher
3. FOOTBALL PLAYER
- Franz Beckenbauer
- Oliver Kahn
- Michael Ballack
- Oliver Bierhoff
4. OLYMPICS
- Germany has participated since the first modern Olympic games in 1896.
- Germany hosted both summer and winter Olympic games in 1936
- Summer Olympics held in Berlin and Winter Olympics held in Garmisch Partenkirchen.
- Munich, West Germany, hosted the 1972 summer Olympics.
5. FIFA
- Till date, Germany has played 8 World cup finals and won 4 of them.
- Germany won the Title of the 2014 FIFA. The world cup in South America.
ECONOMY OF GERMANY :
1. MAJOR INDUSTRIES:-
- Textiles and Apparel
- Food and Beverages
- Manufacturing of Metals
- Chemicals
- Ship Building
- Auto-mobiles
- Machine tools
- Clay and Refractory products
- Tourism
- Footwear
- Pharmaceuticals
2. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
- Potatoes
- Wheat
- Barley
- Sugar beets
- Fruit
- Cabbage
- Cattle
- Pigs
- Poultry
3. NATURAL RESOURCES
- Coal
- Lignite
- Natural gas
- Iron Ore
- Copper
- Nickel
- Uranium
- Potash
- Salt
- Construction material
- Timber
- Arable Land
4. MAJOR EXPORTS
- Machinery
- Vehicles
- Chemicals
- Metals and Manufacture
- Foodstuffs
- Textile
5. MAJOR IMPORTS
- Machinery
- Vehicles
- Chemicals
- Foodstuff
- Textile
- Metals
FAMOUS BRAND OF GERMANY:-
- Puma, Adidas, Reebok are all Famous sportswear goods making company is in Germany.
- Mercedes, Audi, BMW, Volkswagen, Porsche are German automobile companies.
- Philips, Siemens are famous Electronics companies.
- Nivea is a famous personnel care goods company.
- Allianz is the Insurance company of Germany.
DIVISIONS OF GERMANY
- Germany is dividend into Sixteen States.
- North Rhine-Westphalia, Bavaria, and Braden-Wurttemberg are the largest states by population.
- Some of the States are City-States such as Berlin and Hamburg.
RIVERS AND SEA
- The Longest River in Germany is RHINE (1230km).
- German cities on RHINE River areas Cologne, Dusseldorf, Bonn.
- The SPREE river runs through Berlin city.
- DANUBE river is the European second Largest river after Bodega. It flows through 10 countries, originates in Germany and flows back into the Black sea.
- Germany coasts are Divided into the Baltic Sea and North sea.
- The largest Lake in Germany is LAKE CONSTANCE.
- ELBE RIVER, MAIN RIVER, SAALE RIVER and MURITZ LAKE are Germany major bodies of water.
MAJOR LANDFORMS OF GERMANY:-
- The Alps
- The North European Plain
- Rhine Valley
- Ore Mountains
- Palatine Forest
- Vogelsberg Mountain
- The Spreewald
- The Black Forest
NATIONAL HOLIDAY OF GERMANY:-
- New Years Day ( 1st January )
- Good Friday
- Labour Day ( 1st May )
- Ascension Day
- White Monday
- German Unity Day ( 3rd October )
- Christmas Day
- Boxing Day ( 26th December )
- All Saint's Day ( 1st November )
Octoberfest is a festival held in Bavaria that lasts 16 days from late September to the first weekend in October.
MAJOR SEAPORT IN GERMANY :
- Major German Baltic seaports are Lubeck, Rostock and Koel.
- Lubeck and Hamburg were major seaports During the Hanseatic league.
- Hamburg is a major German port in North Sea.
NOTE:
= The Biggest culture cave in Europe is located in Bavale town.
= European central bank headquarters located in Frankfurt.
GERMAN CULTURE:
- Berlin international film festival.
- The Rhine in Flames Festival.
- Bach Fest in Leipzig.
- Octoberfest in Munich.
FAMOUS PLACES IN GERMANY
- Brandenburg Gate in Berlin.
- Berlin Wall
- Reichstag Building
- Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria.
- Cologne Cathedral.
- Ruhen Cliffs.
- The romantic Rhine.
- Frauenkirche ( Church of our lady in Dresden ).
- Heidelberg Old City.
- The Black Forest.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites:
SL. NAME YEAR LOCATION
NO
1 Aachen 1978 Aachen
Cathedral
2 Bergpark 2013 Kassel
Wilhelmshohe
3 Caves and Ice age 2017 Baden
art in the swebian Wurttemberg
jura
4 Classical 1998 Thuringia
Cathedral
5 Pilgrimage Church 1983 Steingaden
of Wles
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