WORLD GEOGRAPHY
EARTH
Earth consists of Land, Water, and Air, while Land is made up of Rocks and Soil. It is Separated by Continents and Islands. The water level on earth is found in Oceans, Seas, Lakes, Etc which occupies 2\3 of the earth surface. The is surrounded by a cover of Air called the Atmosphere which extends up to several hundred kilometres of its surface.
SHAPE
In ancient times, people think that the earth was flat in shape, but The Greek philosopher '' Pythagoras '' was the first person to declare that the earth was Round in shape. After so many years, some Scientist has found that the Earth is slightly Oblate ( Flattened at poles ) and are not exactly round.
GREENWICH TIME
Greenwich time is an International Standard Time. It is the local time of the Greenwich observatory in London on 0 Meridian.
ZONES
On the basis of Temperature and distribution of Solar heat on the surface of the Earth, It has been divided into Five Zones:-
- Antarctic zone
- Arctic zone
- Torrid zone
- North Temperature zone
- South Temperature zone
MOTIONS
The Earth has two Motions:
1. ROTATION- The earth makes a complete round on its axis once every 24 hours. The Earth experiences Day and Night due to it.
2. REVOLUTION- The Earth makes a complete round of the Sun in one year. This revolution of the earth produces many seasons.
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Equal Day: 21st March
- Equal Night: 23rd September
- Longest Day: 21st June
- Shortest Day: 22nd December
- The sunlight takes eight minutes to travel from the sun to earth.
- 66,600 miles per hour is the average speed of the earth in Orbit.
- Water occupies 75% 0f the surface of the earth.
CONTINENTS
Large land Masses forming large Geographical Divisions are called continents.
There are Seven Continents are as follows:
- Asia
- Africa
- Europe
- North America
- South America
- Australia
- Antarctica
HIGHEST MOUNTAIN PEAKS IN THE CONTINENTS:
- Mount Everest ( Asia - 8848 m )
- The highest mountain in South America is Aconcagua (6960 m).
- Mckinley ( North America - 6194 m )
- Kilimanjaro ( Africa - 5895 m )
- Mt Elbrus ( Europe - 5642 m )
- Vinson ( Antarctica - 5140 m )
- Kosciusko ( Australia - 2228 m )
LARGEST OCEANS
1. Pacific Ocean: It covers approx 1\3 of the
earth's total area. It is the Largest
oceans in the world.
2. the Atlantic Ocean
3. the Indian Ocean
4. Other Seas and Gulfs are:
- The Mediterranean Sea
- South China sea
- Bering Sea
- Caribbean sea
- East China sea
- Sea of Japan
- North sea
- Baltic sea
- Hudson Bay
- Gulf of Mexico
LONGEST RIVERS
- Nile = Africa ( 6650 km )
- Amazon = South America ( 6570 km )
- Mississippi- = North America ( 5970km ) Missouri
- Yangtze Kiang = Asia ( 5470 km )
- Ob Irtysh = Europe ( 5150 km )
- Congo = Africa ( 4666 km )
LARGEST DESERTS
- Sahara Desert - North Africa ( 94 lakh sq km )
- Libyan Desert - North Africa ( 11.60 lakh sq km )
- Australian - Australia ( 16 lakh sq km )
- Gobi - Mongolia ( 13 lakh sq km )
- Great Victoria - Australia ( 6,47,000 sq km )
- Syrian - Arabia ( 5,20,000 sq km )
- Arabian - Arabia ( 23,30,000 sq km )
LARGEST ISLAND
1. Greenland ( 21,75,600 sq km )
2. New Guinea ( 7,77,000 sq km )
3. Borneo ( 7,25,545 sq km )
4. Malagasy ( 5,90,000 sq km )
5. Baffin Island ( 4,76,070 sq km )
HIGHEST WATERFALLS
1. Angel ~ Venezuela ( 807m )
2. Mongefossen ~ Norway ( 774m )
3. Kukenaam ~ Venezuela ( 610m )
4. Ribbon ~ USA ( 491m )
5. King George ~ Guyana ( 487m )
6. Upper Yosemite ~ USA `( 435m )
IMPORTANT RESIDENCE
|
Buckingham
Palace (London) |
King/Queen
of Britain. |
|
Vatican
(Rome) |
Pope. |
|
Rashtrapati
Bhawan (New Delhi) |
President, India. |
|
White
House (Washington) |
President, The USA. |
|
10,
Downing Street (London) |
Prime Minister, Britain. |
|
Elysee
Palace (Paris) |
President,
France. |
OLD AND NEW NAME OF COUNTRIES:
|
OLD NAME |
NEW NAME |
|
Burma |
Myanmar |
|
Ceylon |
Srilanka |
|
Dutch East Indies |
Indonesia |
|
East Pakistan |
Bangladesh |
|
Formosa |
Taiwan |
|
Leningrad |
St. Peterburg |
|
Mesopotamia |
Iraq |
|
Peking |
Beijing |
|
Persia |
Iran |
|
Southwest Africa |
Nambia |
|
Constantinople |
Istanbul |
TOWNS OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTRY SITUATED ON THE RIVER BANKS.
TOWN RIVER
Agra Yamuna.
Ahmedabad Sabarmati.
Allahabad Ganga and Yamuna meet at this point..
Ayodhya Saryu
Baghdad Tigris
Berlin Spree
Cairo Nile
Kolkatta Hooghly
Cuttack Mahanadi
Delhi Yamuna
Hyderabad Musi
Jabalpur Narbada
Kanpur Ganga
Karachi Indus
Lahore Ravi
Leh Indus
London Thames
New York Hudson
Paris Seine
Vienna Danube
Washington Potomac
GEOGRAPHICAL SURNAMES
SURNAME REAL NAME
1. Bengal's Sorrow Damodar River
2. China's Sorrow Hwang-Ho
3. City of Skyscrapers New York
of Empire City
4. Cockpit of Europe Belgium
5. Dark Continent Africa
6. Emerald Isle Ireland
7. Eternal City Rome
8. Gate of Tears Straits of mandab
9. Gift of Nile Egypt
10. Hermit Kingdom Korea
11. Holy Land Jerusalem (Palestine)
12. Island of Pearls Bahrain (Persian Gulf)
13. Key to Gibraltar Mediterranean
14. Land of Five Rivers Punjab
15. Land of Kangaroo Australia
16. Land of Morning Calm Korea
17. Land of Rising Sun Japan
18. Land of Thousands Lakes Finland
19. Land of White Elephants Thailand
20. Manchester of the Orient Isaka (Japan)
21. Slick man of Europe Turkey
22. Whiteman's Grave Guinea Coast of Africa
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