Notes on UAE-Study Material for EFLU 2021 and JNUEE Preparation

United Arab Emirates 

Sometimes called simply the Emirates, or the UAE, the United Arab Emirates is situated on the southern end of the Persian Gulf at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered to the east by Oman and to the south by Saudi Arabia, as well as sharing maritime borders to the west with Qatar and to the north with Iran. 

The country was established on December 2, 1971 and is a federation of seven emirates. There are seven emirates in UAE, including Abu Dhabi (which is the capital), Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. Each emirate is ruled by an absolute monarch; together, they constitute the Federal Supreme Council.As the President of the UAE, one of the monarchs is selected.

The United Arab Emirates is an Islamic nation, they speak Arabic as its official language (although English is common in business and education, particularly in Abu Dhabi and Dubai). Abu Dhabi's ruler and first president of the UAE, Sheikh Zayed, oversaw the development of the Emirates and invested oil revenues in healthcare, education and infrastructure.

Official name	United Arab Emirates
Capital	Abu Dhabi
Population	82 lakhs
Area	83,600 km sq
Government	Federal Elective Constitutional Monarchy
Legislature	Federal National Council
Currency	Dirham (1973)
National Anthem	Long Live My Nation
Independence and Formation	2nd December 1971
Admitted to the UN on	9th December 1971
Official Language	Arabic
President	Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Prime Minister	Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Time Zone	UTC+4
Driving Side	Right
Ethnic Group	Indian (27.15%) Pakistani (12.53%) Emirati (11.32%) Bangladeshi Srilankan and others

Description of Flag

• The Flag of UAE contains the Red, Green, White and Black colour.
• It was adopted on December 2nd,1971.

Bordering countries

• Border shares with the UAE are by Saudi Arabia and Oman.
• Saudia Arabia shares the Longest Border with UAE.
• Iran is the Maritime Border with UAE.
• UAE does not border with Iraq.

History

• It was formally known for Magan People.
• It was a bronze age trading culture between the Indus Valley, Bahrain, and Mesopotamia during the Umm Al Nar period.
• Umm Al Nar period comes under the area of UAE and Northern Oman. 
• It was Arthur Balfour who signed the Balfour Declaration in 1917.
• During the early part of World War I, the British government issued the Balfour Declaration to support Zionism's desire for an independent state for News in Israel After the War.

Modern History

• Al Qasimi Dynasty ruled Sharjah.
• The Modern UAE is made up of the Seven Emirates which was founded on 2nd December 1971.
• Ajman, Al Fujairah, Umm Al Quwain, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, and Ras Al Khaimah are the seven emirates of the UAE.
• On December 2, 1971, the United Arab Emirates gained independence from the United Kingdom (Britain). Six Emirates joined on 2nd December 1971, but Ras Al Khaimah joined on 10 February 1972.
• As the founder of the UAE and Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan served as its first president and ruler. He died on 12 November 2004.
• Formally, the seven Sheikhdom was called the Trucial States.
• The General Maritime Treaty of 1820 was signed between the Sheikhs and the British Empire, which became known as the Trucial Coast.In 2006, the first National Election was held.
• The oldest mosque in the UAE is located in Al Fujairah emirate.
• Before Burj Khalifa, 'Almas Tower' or 'Diamond Tower' was the Tallest Building or Tower in Dubai.
• France and the UAE signed a deal in January 2008 allowing France to set up a permanent military base in Abu Dhabi.
• 1st GCC Summit held in Abu Dhabi.
• Oil was discovered on 27th October 1960.

NOTES:

1. Abu Dhabi is the Largest Emirates.
2. Ajman is the Smallest Emirates.
3. With the slogan 'So be good to yourself, Fly Emirates', Emirates launched its first set of commercials in 1990.

Geography

A strategic position slightly south of the Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil, the United Arab Emirates lies in the Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman,Persian Gulf between the Oman and Saudi Arabia.

• It is bordered by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf.
• The highest point in the UAE is Jebel Al Mebrah also called Jebel Yibir.
• the UAE's Lowest Point is the Persian Gulf.
• In the UAE, Lake Zakher is the largest artificial lake.
• The Largest natural harbour is in Dubai.
• The total length of the land border is 867 km.
• The Total Coastline is 1318 km.
• 87% of the UAE's total area is in Abu Dhabi.
• The highest mountain in the UAE is Jabel Jais. Its height is 1910m.
• In the eastern Arabian Peninsula, the Western Hajar Mountains are the highest mountain range.

Note:- Natural Resources in the UAE include petroleum, natural gas, and marine resources.

Games

1. The UAE participated in the Summer Olympics for the first time in 1984.
2. In 2004, the UAE won their first gold medal in shooting at the Summer Olympics in Greece.
3. In 1990, the UAE reached the FIFA World Cup, where they lost all three games.
4. Camel racing is a sport in UAE.

Culture and Festival

Al Khalil bin Ahmed, an Arab scholar from the 8th century, strongly influenced ancient Emirati poetry. Ibn Majid is the earliest poet known in the UAE. Emirati most famous writers include Mubarak Al Oqaili (1880-1954), Salem bin Ali al Owais (1887-1959) and Ahmed bin Sulayem (1905-1976). Emirati culture is a part of the culture of Eastern Arabia. Liwa is a style of local music and dance.

Abu Dhabi Grand Prix	Yas Marina Circuit
Al Dhafra	World's Biggest Celebration of Bedouin Culture
Dubai International Film Festival
Awafi Festival	Ras Al-Khaimah Sand Dune Adventure
Liwa is a type of local music and dance which is performed in the UAE

Cuisine

1. Kuboos (Khubz) is a Flat Bread.
2. Asida is a dish made of Cooked White Bread.
3. Khabees is a Traditional Sweet Dish.
4. Traditional dish made from bread known as tharid.
5. Threed
6. Machboos
7. Khubisa
8. Khameer
9. Chabad
10. Lugaimat

National Holiday

• Eid Ul Fitr
• Arafah Day and Eid Ul Adha (Feast of Sacrifice)  
• Hijri New Year
• Commemoration Day is celebrated on 1st December.
• Observed on the 2nd and 3rd of December, UAE National Day is observed every year.

Current Rulers of UAE

1. Abu Dhabi - Emir Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan (Also the President of UAE)
2. Dubai - Mohammad Bin Rashid al Maktoum (He is also the Vice President and Prime Minister of UAE)
3. Sharjah - Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al Quasimi.
4. Ras Al-Khaimah - Sheikh saud bin Saqr Al Quasimi
5. Ajman - Sheikh Humaid bin Rashid al Nuaimi III
6. Umm al Quwain - Sheikh Saud bin Rashid al Mualla III
7. Fujairah - Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammad Ali Sharqi.

World Heritage Sites 

• Dhayah Fort - 18th-century Fortification in Ras Al Khaimah
• Louvre Abu Dhabi - Museum, Saadiyat Island 
• Dubai's Bastakia Quarter is the last vestige of old Dubai.
• Al Badiyah Mosque is the oldest Mosque located in Fujairah.
• Sharjah Mosque of the Islamic Civilisation

Miscellaneous

• Ras Al Khaimah is known as the northernmost emirate of the UAE.
• Etihad Airways - Abu Dhabi
• Jebel Ali is the largest port 
• Air Arabia Airlines is based in Sharjah
• Clubs - Dubai and Emirates Golf Club 
• Kandua is a garment for Men and Abaya is a garment for Women.
• Razfah is a Cultural Dance.

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